AAV-ChR2 was used for optogenetic experiments. (From
BrainVTA)
The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below
|
Optogenetic |
PT-0001 AAV-EF1a-DIO-ChR2(H134R)-eYFP |
|
Control |
PT-0012 AAV-EF1a-DIO-eYFP |
Bo Yang, Yawen Ao, Ying Liu, Xuefen Zhang, Ying Li, Fengru Tang, Haibo Xu
Pub Date: 2021-03-12,
DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03291-4,
Email: [email protected]
Activation of dopamine (DA) neurons is essential for the transition from sleep to wakefulness and maintenance of awakening, and sufficient to accelerate the emergence from general anesthesia in animals. Dopamine receptors (DR) are involved in arousal mediation. In the present study, we showed that the olfactory tubercle (OT) was active during emergence from isoflurane anesthesia, local injection of dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) agonist chloro-APB (1 mg/mL) and D2 receptor (D2R) agonist quinpirole (1 mg/mL) into OT enhanced behavioural and cortical arousal from isoflurane anesthesia, while D1R antagonist SCH-23390 (1 mg/mL) and D2R antagonist raclopride (2.5 mg/mL) prolonged recovery time. Optogenetic activation of DAergic terminals in OT also promoted behavioural and cortical arousal from isoflurane anesthesia. However, neither D1R/D2R agonists nor D1R/D2R antagonists microinjection had influences on the induction of isoflurane anesthesia. Optogenetic stimulation on DAergic terminals in OT also had no impact on the anesthesia induction. Our results indicated that DA signals in OT accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, the induction of general anesthesia, different from the emergence process, was not mediated by the OT DAergic pathways.
Figure 1. Targeted expression of ChR2 in VTA dopaminergic neurons and their terminals in OT.
In this study, the authors found that injection of D1R or D2R agonists into OT accelerated profoundly behavioural and cortical arousal from isofurane anesthesia, while D1R or D2R antagonists signifcantly delayed emergence process. The results indicated that DA signals in OT accelerated emergence from isofurane anesthesia. Furthermore, the induction of general anesthesia, diferent from the emergence process, was not mediated by the OT DAergic pathways
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