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Posterior basolateral amygdala to ventral hippocampal CA1 dri
hChR2 and eNpHR3.0 viruses (From BrainVTA) were used for optogenetic manipulation. hM4D(Gi) viruses were used for chemogenetic manipulations, Cre-dependent AAV and HSV viruses were used to to further verify the intrinsic heterogeneity of direct mono-synaptic inputs from aBLA and pBLA to vCA1.
The viruses used in this article from BrainVTA are in the table below
Optogenetic viruses  PT-0008 AAV5-CaMKIIa-eNpHR3.0-EYFP
 PT-0296 AAV5-CaMKIIa-hChR2(H134R)-EYFP
Pub Date: 2020-01-10, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13919-3  Email: [email protected]
Guilin Pi, Di Gao, Dongqin Wu, Yali Wang, Huiyang Lei, Wenbo Zeng, Yang Gao, Huiling Yu, Rui Xiong, Tao Jiang, Shihong Li, Xin Wang, Jing Guo, Si Zhang, Taoyuan Yin, Ting He, Dan Ke, Ruining Li, Honglian Li, Gongping Liu, Xifei Yang, Min–Hua Luo, Xiaohui Zhang, Ying Yang & Jian–Zhi Wang
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) are cellularly and functionally diverse along their anterior–posterior and superficial-deep axes. Here, we find that anterior BLA (aBLA) and posterior BLA (pBLA) innervate deep-layer calbindin1-negative (Calb1−) and superficial-layer calbindin1-positive neurons (Calb1+) in vCA1, respectively. Photostimulation of pBLA–vCA1 inputs has an anxiolytic effect in mice, promoting approach behaviours during conflict exploratory tasks. By contrast, stimulating aBLA–vCA1 inputs induces anxiety-like behaviour resulting in fewer approaches. During conflict stages of the elevated plus maze task vCA1Calb1+ neurons are preferentially activated at the open-to-closed arm transition, and photostimulation of vCA1Calb1+ neurons at decision-making zones promotes approach with fewer retreats. In the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, which shows anxiety-like behaviour, photostimulating the pBLA–vCA1Calb1+ circuit ameliorates the anxiety in a Calb1-dependent manner. These findings suggest the pBLA–vCA1Calb1+ circuit from heterogeneous BLA–vCA1 connections drives approach behaviour to reduce anxiety-like behaviour.

Fig.1 Using optogenetic virus to dissect the characterization of projections arising from pBLA
To dissected the structural and functional heterogeneities of BLA–vCA1 inputs, using virus traing, optogenetic manipulation (From BrainVTA), electrophysiology and multiple behavioral experiments, the researchers revealed the stimulation of the pBLA–vCA1Calb1+ circuit not only ameliorated anxiety but also improved cognitive capacity.Thus, targeting the pBLA–vCA1Calb1+ circuit could be a promising approach for anxiety disorders, such as AD.
 
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